Hacking through a company's security protections used to require a lot of time and skill. However, today's technological advances make it easier than ever for bad actors to find an organization's most vulnerable points. The purpose of penetration testing is to help businesses find out where they are most likely to face an attack and proactively shore up those weaknesses before exploitation by hackers.
What Is Penetration Testing?
Organizations can define penetration testing by what it is meant to assess. That includes all networks, applications, devices, and physical security components. It mimics the actions of malicious actors. Experienced cybersecurity experts leverage penetration testing to improve a company's security posture and remove any vulnerabilities that leave it open to attack.
When appropriately done, penetration testing goes beyond merely stopping criminals from unauthorized access to a company's systems. It creates real-world scenarios that show businesses how well their current defenses would fare when confronted with a full-scale cyber attack.
Why Do I Need a Penetration Test?
Penetration tests let companies evaluate the overall security of their IT infrastructure. A company may have robust security protocols in one area but be lacking in another. The high cost of a successful cyber attack means no company should wait for a real-world scenario to play out before going on offense. Using penetration testing tools to expose holes in a business's security layer allows security experts and Pen Testers to address any shortcomings before they become critical liabilities.
- Test Security Controls — Gain insights into the overall health of your application, network, and physical security layers.
- Find Real-World Vulnerabilities — Expose endpoints in your computer systems most susceptible to attacks from adversaries.
- Ensure Compliance — Companies can maintain information security compliance with industry standards for penetration testing.
- Reinforce Security Posture — Penetration testing assists businesses in prioritizing and addressing their vulnerability with a security program.
What Are the Benefits of Penetration Testing?
When it comes to who typically performs a penetration test, it is entities charged with protecting private citizens' information. Even the best IT department may not have the objectivity needed to find security flaws that could leave an organization exposed to hackers. When it comes to who typically performs these functions, it's best to have a penetration tester conduct black-box, white box testing, and other security assessments from the outside.
Having someone separate from the business conduct intrusion tests can provide value in the following ways:
- Determine the feasibility of security holding up under different kinds of cyberattacks.
- Show how the exploitation of low-risk vulnerabilities could lead to a lot of damage at higher levels.
- Detect harder-to-find risks through automated network and application scanning
- Assess and quantify the potential impacts on operational and business functions
- Judge how successfully network defenses perform when faced with an attack
- Quantify the need for more significant investment in security technology and personnel.
- Help thwart future attacks by implementing and validating updated security controls.
Pen testing shouldn't be limited to a one-time effort. It should be part of a system of ongoing vigilance to keep organizations safe through various types of security testing. Updates to security patches or new components used in a company website could expose new risks that open the door to hackers. That's why companies should schedule regular penetration testing to help uncover any new security weaknesses, and preventing any opportunity to exploit vulnerabilities. Equipping your organization with smart, actionable security measures after our penetration testing services is critical.
What Are the Different Types of Penetration Testing?
Network vulnerabilities typically fall into three categories: hardware, software, and human. Let's look at different testing types to understand more about what a pen test consists of and what types of potential vulnerabilities your business is facing;
Web Application Pen Testing
Web App Penetration tests search out places in an application open to exploitation by a hacker. Installing a new third-party component that allows viewing sensitive data on a company website could provide an opening into company systems. Security consultants carry out attack simulations designed to:
Network Security Pen Testing
When it comes to network security, experts use network penetration tests to find places a hacker might exploit in various systems, networks, network devices (think routers, switches), and hosts. They look for ways a hacker might find real-world opportunities to compromise a company, gain access, or unauthorized access to sensitive data. Many also try to take over the company's systems for malicious purposes.
Physical Penetration Testing
Physical penetration testing measures the strength of a company's existing security controls. It looks for any weaknesses vulnerable to discovery and manipulation by hackers. They may compromise physical barriers like sensors, cameras, and locks to gain physical access to sensitive business areas. That could lead to data breaches through compromising systems and networks.
Some of the industries most concerned about these kinds of attacks include:
- Casinos
- Banking Institutions
- Technology Firms
- Healthcare Institutions
- Government Services
- Hospitality Services
- Retail Services
- Armored Transport Services
Leveraging physical penetration testing helps organizations stop unauthorized access into secure environments. It also provides invaluable insights into remedial guidance and ways to correct critical issues.
Cryptocurrency Penetration Testing
Cryptocurrency pen tests look for weaknesses in software, applications, systems, hosts, and devices used in cryptocurrency transactions and storage protocols. They should also check the social engineering aspect, like phishing attempts on company employees, vendors, and other stakeholders to gain passwords or other essential data to hack cryptocurrency networks.
Pen testers assess the performance of a company's physical assets when under attack.
Cloud Security Penetration Testing
Cloud security pen tests are essential in helping companies invested in cloud technology protect vulnerable assets. The flexibility and autonomy offered by solutions like Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) technology also expose organizations to new security threats.
IoT Security Penetration Testing
IoT security pen tests focus on exposing any hardware and software flaws that could allow bad actors to access a business's sensitive data or take over company systems. They examine the different components in IoT devices for vulnerabilities like:
- Weak Passwords
- Insecure Protocols
- Insecure APIs
- Insecure Communication Channels
- Misconfigurations
- Product-specific Vulnerabilities
What Are the Different Stages of Penetration Testing?
Information Gathering
Penetration testers and stakeholders make sure they are in sync with the expected outcomes of each test. Security experts do surveillance on the target, gathering the information needed to scope and execute each test properly. The information gathering can be active (allowing tester direct contact with the target) or passive (tester collects information while remaining undetected by the target).
The information-gathering stage also involves:
- Deciding what tests to run.
- Determining who will be responsible for monitoring tests.
- Designating the information testers have when starting each test.
Threat Modeling
During this phase, the security team maps out threats that could attack or harm a company. They use the insights obtained during the information gathering phase to inform the activities to execute during various penetration tests and develop risk rankings for different vulnerabilities. The team also identifies and categorizes different assets for testing. Questions that penetration testers should ask during this stage include:
- What are the primary and secondary assets to consider?
- Who or what are the most prominent threats or threat communities to the organization?
- How does each of those threat communities relate to different assets?
Vulnerability Analysis
Based on the information gathered in previous stages, the company and the security team decide which assets to eliminate. They confirm systems, devices, networks, systems, and other components that present the most risk through research, testing, and validation.
Exploitation
The security team relies on the groundwork put in place during earlier stages to begin penetration testing. They do everything possible when it comes to abusing, abusing, and exploiting systems deemed vulnerable.
Post-Exploitation
During the post-exploitation phase, pen testers look at the extent of the damage that a hacker could potentially cause by compromising a weakness found in a component. They examine the value of any compromised sensitive data and how a hacker could gain control of company systems. The post-exploitation phase also explores what it would take for a company to recover from malicious actors' breach.
How Often Should You Do Penetration Testing?
Companies should plan on conducting regular penetration testing. Regularly scheduled penetration testing allows businesses to locate and mitigate security risks. Businesses should also call in experts like penetration testing whenever the following changes occur:
- Adding network infrastructure
- Applying security patches
- Performing upgrades to applications or other infrastructure
- Modifications to end-user policies
- Establishment of new office locations
What Should You Do After a Penetration Testing?
Use the opportunity presented by penetration testing to go over plans about how to strengthen your overall security posture. They offer organizations a chance to go over the results with all stakeholders and assess what must happen to improve company security.
Businesses should turn the outcomes presented to them by penetration testers into actionable insights. Decision-makers within the company can use that information to spur any needed changes to current security protocols. They can also go forward with any needed technology changes that address the risks uncovered during intrusion testing.
WsCube Tech provides online penetration testing course as well as an offline course that provides students with all the technical knowledge and skills required for a successful career in hacking, hacking defense, or cyber forensics expert. By enrolling in one of the courses, students will receive a certificate of completion upon successfully completing the course and earning its certification.
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